其他
男性避孕药实现重大新突破
For decades, researchers have tried to produce a reliable alternative to condoms（ 避孕套） or a vasectomy( 输精管切除), but there has been little progress. 几十年来，科研人员一直在尝试能够替代避孕套和输精管切除的可靠方法，但收效甚微。
Now UK scientists have found the secret of making men temporarily infertile( 不能生育的) by switching off sperms ability to swim. 现在终于有英国科学家发现，通过阻断精子的游动能力能够让男性临时性不育。
If a sperm can't swim, it has no chance of naturally fertilising a woman's egg. “如果精子不能游动，自然就没有机会与卵细胞结合。
The breakthrough made by British scientists could be the key to rendering( 提供 ) men temporarily infertile. 英国科学家的这项突破将开启使男性暂时性不育的大门。
未来男性有可能通过口服阻止精子游动的药丸来达到避孕效果。
The key advance raises the prospect of a fast-acting pill or a nasal spray that a man could take hours or perhaps just minutes before sex. 这一关键性进步使人们有望研制出速效药丸或鼻用喷雾，男性只需在性生活前几小时甚至几分钟使用即可达到避孕目的。
Researchers believe its effects would wear off within days, meaning he would again be fertile. 研究人员认为药效仅会持续几天时间，几天后男性将再次恢复生育能力。
相比之下，如果女性想恢复生育能力，就必须要在数星期甚至数月前停止服用药物。
Last night, family planning experts said a reversible male contraceptive could benefit millions of couples where the woman cannot take the Pill for medical reasons. 昨晚，计划生育专家们称，可逆的男性避孕药将造福数百万由于医疗原因妻子无法服用避孕药的夫妇。
And it would save men from being trapped into having children they did not want, they added. 此外，这还能够解救那些不想要孩子却受到诱骗的男性。
Lead researcher Professor John Howl, of Wolverhampton University, last night described how effective their sperm-stopping agent had been in lab( 实验室) tests. 昨晚，伍尔弗汉普顿大学首席研究员约翰•豪尔教授描述了阻碍精子游动的药剂在实验室试验的效果。
He said: "The results are startling and almost instant." 他说：“结果令人相当震惊——药剂几乎是即时生效。
Using this, the Wolverhampton team, together with Portuguese researchers, made a compound called a cell-penetrating peptide(肽), which gets inside sperm and brings them to a standstill( 停顿). 利用这一点，伍尔弗汉普顿研究团队与葡萄牙研究人员共同研制出了一种名为细胞穿透肽的合成物，此合成物能够进入精子体内，阻止精子游动。
Prof Howl said: "This is a totally unique approach nobody else has ever done this before. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that can influence how human cells work." 豪尔教授说：“这是一种非常独特的研究方式，此前还没有人这样做过。”肽是影响人体细胞功能的氨基酸短链。
它既能自然合成，也可通过生物化学家人工合成。
Prof Howl and colleague Dr Sarah Jones first demonstrated that certain cell-penetrating peptides could smuggle themselves inside sperm cells, like a Trojan horse.
豪尔教授和同事萨拉•琼斯博士最先证明某种“细胞穿透肽”能够像特洛伊木马一样将自己偷运进精子细胞。
Then they joined forces with IVF experts at Aveiro University in Portugal, who had identified the crucial protein responsible for putting the wiggle into sperm tails.
后来，他们与葡萄牙阿威罗大学的生殖专家合作，后者已确认驱动精子尾部摆动的关键蛋白质。
两所大学共同研制出一种特定的肽，能够使此蛋白质失去作用。
They tested the approach in the petri -dish on bovine(牛的) and human sperm, with similarly impressive results, and will soon publish their results. 他们将此合成物放入含有牛和人精子的培养皿内进行试验，结果竟惊人的相似。他们表示将尽快公布实验结果。
Prof Howl said they hoped to start live animal tests in two to three years, thanks in part to a 175,000 Portuguese grant.
豪尔教授说他们希望利用葡萄牙资助的17.5万英镑，在未来2到3年内进行活体动物实验。
动物实验之后还需要3到5年的时间研制新药并投放市场，因此成品最早或将于2021年面世。豪尔教授表示，最终产品究竟是药丸，鼻用喷雾还是皮下植入物现在还“言之尚早”，但它们都有可能。
John Guillebaud, emeritus professor of family planning and reproductive health at University College, London, said a reversible male contraceptive would be of enormous benefit to many couples, such as those where the woman cannot take the Pill for medical reasons for instance due to migraine with aura or an increased risk of blood clots.
伦敦大学学院计划生育和生殖健康名誉教授约翰•基耶博指出，可逆的男性避孕药对很多夫妇来说会是巨大的福祉，比如有些女性由于患有先兆偏头痛或会增加血栓风险等医学原因无法服用避孕药。